PCOS and menopause affect much more than a woman’s menstrual cycle, and understanding the long-term impact of both conditions is essential for maintaining lifelong health. In a detailed conversation, Dr Preetinder Kaur Bedi, Senior Consultant (MBBS, MD, DNB – Obstetrics & Gynaecology) at Apollo Cradle and Children’s Hospital, Motinagar, New Delhi, shed light on the lesser-known health implications that women should be aware of.
How PCOS Impacts Women Long-Term
“Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age, affecting nearly 10% of women worldwide,” explains Dr Bedi. “It is marked by irregular periods, elevated male hormone levels, and the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries.”
While PCOS is often discussed in the context of fertility, acne, or menstrual irregularities, its effects extend beyond the reproductive years. According to Dr Bedi, PCOS arises from a complex interplay of genetics, hormones, and lifestyle habits. The condition disrupts the body’s natural balance of estrogen, progesterone, and androgens, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, excess hair growth, and ovulatory dysfunction.
As women approach menopause — a stage where estrogen levels naturally decline — the hormonal landscape changes further. Interestingly, women with PCOS may enter menopause later than usual because their ovaries continue producing small amounts of estrogen for a longer period. However, this extended reproductive window comes with its own concerns. “Even after menopause, metabolic and cardiovascular risks linked to PCOS can remain or become more pronounced,” Dr Bedi warns.
PCOS and Menopause: What Changes to Expect
One of the most significant long-term concerns for women with PCOS is insulin resistance. Dr Bedi notes, “Women with PCOS are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol — risks that continue beyond menopause.”
As the body loses the protective effects of estrogen during menopause, susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases increases. Studies show that women with a PCOS history face a greater risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart disease. The accumulation of abdominal fat, a common PCOS symptom, adds to these risks after menopause.
Hormonal fluctuations also continue to impact day-to-day well-being. “Even post-menopause, some women with PCOS may experience elevated androgen levels, which can cause facial hair growth or hair thinning,” says Dr Bedi. On the other hand, symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding tend to reduce as menstrual cycles end.
Although ovarian cysts generally shrink after menopause, the underlying hormonal and metabolic imbalances may persist. Dr Bedi adds that women with long-standing PCOS may have a slightly increased risk of endometrial cancer due to prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen, emphasizing the need for regular gynaecological checkups and weight management.
Mental and Emotional Well-Being
PCOS is not limited to physical symptoms. “Women with PCOS are more vulnerable to anxiety, depression, and body image concerns,” says Dr Bedi. Menopause may amplify these challenges due to sleep problems, hot flashes, and hormonal shifts.
Chronic metabolic stress can also influence cognitive function in later life. This makes emotional well-being an essential part of long-term PCOS management. Dr Bedi recommends mindfulness practices, counseling, support groups, and regular activity to enhance mood and quality of life during menopausal transition.
Lifestyle Tips to Manage PCOS After Menopause
According to Dr Bedi, lifestyle modification remains the most effective tool for managing PCOS throughout life. “A balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats helps regulate insulin and maintain weight,” she says. Strength training and aerobic exercises support metabolism and reduce the risk of heart disease.
She also highlights the importance of medical monitoring. Women may require periodic screenings for diabetes, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and bone density, as the risk of osteoporosis rises after menopause. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) may be considered in select cases but must be evaluated carefully, especially for women with pre-existing metabolic concerns.
Note to Readers:
This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice.