Lucknow: Oral cancer continues to be one of India’s most common and deadly cancers, accounting for 30–40% of all cancer cases, according to oncologists. While tobacco consumption has long been identified as the leading cause, doctors now warn that non-tobacco users are increasingly being diagnosed with oral cancer due to poor oral hygiene and neglected mouth injuries.
The phenomenon, experts say, often begins with sharp or displaced teeth that repeatedly cause small ulcers or wounds inside the mouth. When left untreated for a long time, these ulcers can develop into cancerous lesions.
“We are seeing a rising number of oral cancer patients who have never used tobacco,” said Dr. Rajeev Gupta, Head of the Radiation Oncology Department at King George’s Medical University (KGMU). “In many of these cases, chronic mouth ulcers caused by sharpened or broken teeth, poor oral hygiene, and infections are major contributors.”
Sharp Teeth and Mouth Ulcers: The Hidden Risk
Oncologists explain that a sharp tooth rubbing against the inner cheek or tongue can cause persistent wounds, which, if ignored, may lead to malignancy.
“Non-tobacco users also contract oral cancer because of long-standing ulcers or sores caused by sharp teeth,” said Prof. Ashish Singhal, Head of the Surgical Oncology Department at Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences (RMLIMS).
“About 30–40% of the patients in our oncology OPD have oral cancer, and many of them never consumed tobacco.”
According to city-based oncologist Dr. Vivek Malhotra, factors like Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, genetic predisposition, and environmental pollutants are also linked to oral cancer.
“If a mouth ulcer doesn’t heal within four weeks, it’s crucial to consult a doctor and get tested,” Dr. Malhotra said.
Rising Cancer Burden in India
Data from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reveals that about 100 people per lakh population suffer from cancer in India.
At KGMU, around 4,000 cancer patients are treated annually, with a 10–15% increase in patient numbers every year. A similar figure is reported by RMLIMS, where roughly 4,000 patients are treated annually for various cancers.
“Roughly 5% of oral cancer cases are linked to HPV infection,” added Dr. Singhal. “While HPV vaccines for women are available to prevent cervical cancer, there is currently no vaccine approved for men in India.”
National Cancer Awareness Day 2025
India observes National Cancer Awareness Day on November 7, marking the birth anniversary of Marie Curie and aiming to raise awareness about early detection, prevention, and treatment of cancer.
The day also highlights the importance of regular screenings, maintaining oral hygiene, avoiding tobacco, and seeking timely medical advice for persistent sores or lesions in the mouth.
“Cancer is curable when detected early,” Dr. Gupta said. “Oral health must be taken seriously, even by those who don’t smoke or chew tobacco.”
Key Takeaways
- Oral cancer accounts for 30–40% of all cancers in India.
- Non-tobacco users are increasingly being diagnosed.
- Sharp teeth, poor oral hygiene, and HPV infection are emerging causes.
- 4,000+ patients treated annually at KGMU and RMLIMS each.
- Early diagnosis and awareness can significantly reduce mortality.