New Delhi [India]: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to conclude 2024 with a groundbreaking mission, the “Space Docking Experiment” (SpaDeX), scheduled for launch tonight at precisely 10:00:15 PM IST from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota.
This mission will be carried out using the PSLV-C60 rocket, which has been meticulously prepared for liftoff. SpaDeX represents a significant leap in India’s space technology capabilities, aiming to demonstrate and validate orbital rendezvous, docking, and undocking technologies.
Mission Objectives and Importance
The SpaDeX mission will test critical technologies essential for future human spaceflight and satellite servicing missions. It involves two small spacecraft, designated SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target), which will operate in a low-Earth circular orbit to execute precise docking and undocking maneuvers.
- Technological Innovation:
SpaDeX is particularly challenging due to the smaller size and mass of the spacecraft, requiring exceptional precision in docking maneuvers. - Lunar Mission Preparation:
The mission is a precursor to autonomous docking capabilities needed for future lunar endeavors, such as Chandrayaan-4, which will operate without Earth-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) support.
Key Features of SpaDeX
- Differential GNSS-Based Satellite Positioning System (SPS):
Both spacecraft are equipped with this system, providing accurate Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) data. - RODP Processor:
A novel Relative Orbital Dynamics Processor (RODP) enables precise determination of the relative position and velocity between the Chaser and Target spacecraft. - VHF/UHF Transceivers:
These facilitate data exchange between the spacecraft, aiding in synchronization and accuracy of maneuvers.
Collaborative Effort
The SpaDeX spacecraft were designed and developed by UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC), with support from various ISRO centers, including VSSC, LPSC, SAC, IISU, and LEOS. Once in orbit, the mission will be managed by ISTRAC, leveraging ISRO’s ground stations and external facilities.
Significance for Indian Space Exploration
This mission is a milestone in India’s journey toward advanced space operations. The demonstrated docking and undocking technologies will lay the groundwork for:
- On-orbit satellite servicing.
- Assembly of large space structures.
- Future lunar and interplanetary missions.
With SpaDeX, ISRO is poised to establish itself as a global leader in space innovation, setting the stage for even more ambitious projects in the coming years.